The anti slip coefficient is highly valued abroad because falling on tiles is responsible. In China, this indicator may not seem important, but it is increasingly necessary to improve the schedule.

With the vigorous promotion of modern antique tiles in the ceramic industry in recent years, the determination and standards of ceramic anti slip coefficient in various factories are unclear. In addition, some market department personnel in factories do not understand professional knowledge and arbitrarily label their products with German standards such as R9 and R0. Even the claim that polished tiles are also very anti slip is widespread in the sales market, causing great misleading to consumers.

The alliance leader seeks the author's advice. In order to correct these erroneous concepts and statements, I have collected detailed information and explained the standards and testing methods of various countries as follows.

中国标准：GB/T 4100 - 2006  

美国标准：ASTM C 1028 - 07 Standard Test Method for Determining he Static  Coefficient of Friction of Ceramic Tile and Other Like Surfaces by the Horizontal Dynamometer Pull-Meter Method 

英国标准：BS 7976-2: 2002 Pendulum testers-Part 2: Method of operation 

德国标准：DIN 51097 - 1992 Testing of floor coverings - determination of the anti-slip properties - wet-loaded barefoot areas, walking method – ramp test； DIN 51130 - 2004 Testing of floor coverings- determination of the anti-slip properties - Workrooms and fields of activities with slip danger, walking method – ramp test 

澳大利亚标准：AS/NZS 4586:2004 Slip resistance classification of  pedestrian surface materials

The testing of the anti slip performance of ground materials is a very complex process, and the following parameters must be determined during the testing process: the material of the testing surface, such as 4S rubber; Testing conditions, such as dry or humid; Testing methods such as static slider method, dynamic slider method, etc. Due to the different testing methods and standard testing parameters, the results obtained by different testing methods (testing standards) may not be comparable.

1、Chinese standards

This method tests the static friction coefficient between the surface of ceramic tiles and 4S rubber. Measure the horizontal force required for motion between the slider component and the surface of the ceramic tile under dry or humid conditions using an appropriate method, and calculate the corresponding static friction coefficient.

Requirement: Our standard GB/T4100-2006 "Ceramic Bricks" only requires manufacturers to report the static friction coefficient, without numerical requirements.

Our environmental protection industry standard HJ/T 397-2006 "Technical Requirements for Environmental Product Certification - Ceramic Bricks" requires that the static friction coefficient (dry method) of ceramic tiles should not be less than 0.5.

The specific method is as follows:

Static module method - Use a 75X75X3 rubber plate (with a hardness value of IRD90 ± 1) to stick to the bottom surface of a 200X200X20 plywood, and vertically load a 4500 gram weight block on top of the plywood to form a slider assembly. By dragging the slider component with a tension gauge, a relative motion trend is generated with the horizontal surface of the tested ceramic tile, thereby measuring the static friction coefficient value of the ceramic tile under dry and wet conditions.

2、American Standard

The third note of the Americans with Disabilities Ace (AMA) states that according to ADA and ATBCB recommendations, for all public facing business premises, the static friction coefficient of the floor and hallway should be above 0.60, and the slope should be above 0.80.

Requirement: The American standard ANSI A 1264.2-2006 Provision of Slip Resistance on Walking/Working Surface requires that the static friction coefficient of the workplace floor should be above 0.5. American Standard ANSI/NFSI B101.1-2009 Test Method for Measuring Wet SCOF of Common Hard-Surface Floor Material Under specified wet and slippery conditions.

The specific method is as follows:

The equipment used for testing this method is shown in the following figure, and the method and principle are the same as Appendix M of GB/T4100-2006 in China. The main differences include: it uses Neolite rubber blocks with a size of 3inX3inX1/8-in, which are glued onto a 6061-T6 aluminum alloy plate (or similar material) with a size of 8inX8inX3/4-in to form a slider assembly; The weight of the counterweight is 50-1b (22 kg); Ceramic tiles are used as standard plates, and calibration and result correction procedures are specified in the standard.

3、British (Italian) standards

The DM 236/89 regulation in Italy requires the coefficient of dynamic friction of ground materials to be above 0.4 (coefficient of dynamic friction method); The evaluation method for anti slip performance recommended by the British Ceramic Association is as follows.

Requirement: B.C.R.A. Testing Method - This method tests the coefficient of dynamic friction between the surface of ceramic tiles and rubber under dry or humid conditions. The testing equipment is shown in the following figure. This method simulates the state of a person's heel while walking, using a portable self-propelled device to move back and forth on the surface to be tested, and using leather or 4S rubber under a fixed weight to measure the dynamic friction coefficient of ceramic tiles under dry or humid conditions. In the 1970s, the British Ceramic Research Association began to adopt this method, which is currently officially recognized by Italy but has not yet been recognized by American standards.

The specific method is as follows:

This method is called the swing arm testing method, and according to relevant requirements, the UK Slip Resistance Group in UKSRG recommended the anti-skid performance evaluation method in 2005. This method applies the principle that the potential energy loss of the pendulum is equal to the work done by the friction between the installation and the rubber sheet at the end of the pendulum arm sliding over the surface of the sample, to calculate the friction coefficient between the rubber sheet and the ceramic floor tile. The equipment used is shown in the following figure. This method can test the anti slip performance of various types of flooring materials, including ceramics, under dry and humid conditions.

4、German standards

The classification method of anti-skid categories specified in German standard DIN 51130:2010 is shown in the following table (in dry state). din BGR 181-2004 The standard for slip prevention on parquet and hardwood floor in working area The testing method and classification method of DIN 51130 were adopted, and the anti slip level that the bottom material used in different occasions should achieve was specified.

Requirement: This method tests the dynamic critical angle. The upright tester wears special shoes and walks back and forth on a ceramic tile experimental board coated with engine oil. The experimental team gradually tilts from horizontal to vertical at a certain speed until the tester shows signs of safety during the walking process. At this point, the angle is the dynamic critical angle. Due to simulating the actual usage process, this method is suitable for testing the anti slip performance of various types of ground materials, including ceramics, and has been widely used in Europe. The typical testing equipment is shown in the following figure.

The specific method is as follows:

The classification method for anti-skid categories specified in German standard DIN 51097:1992. Testing method - The testing principle and equipment used in this method are the same as DIN51130:2004, but the testing conditions are: the tester walks barefoot on a damp experimental board. This method also simulates the actual usage process, testing the anti slip performance of ground materials under bare feet and wet conditions. Various types of ground materials, including ceramics, can also be tested according to this standard.

5、Australian Standards

The Australian testing standard specifies four methods, among which A uses the pendulum method to test the anti-skid performance under wet and slippery conditions, and the testing method is similar to BS 7976 in the UK; B specifies the testing method for the coefficient of dynamic friction in a dry state, similar to the B.C.R.A. method recognized by Italy; The testing methods and related classification methods for C and D are consistent with DIN51130 and DIN 51097. Among them, the classification of anti-skid categories is shown in the following table.